Can I Buy a Shotgun Out of State?
In the United States, laws regarding the purchase of shotguns vary from state to state. While federal law regulates the sale and transfer of firearms, states also have their own specific rules and regulations. Federal law requires all gun sellers and transferrors to conduct background checks for prospective buyers using the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) before completing a sale or transfer.
Before Answering the Question…
Before we dive into whether you can buy a shotgun out of state, let’s cover some key points to keep in mind:
• Federal Law: While you can buy a shotgun in one state and possess it in another, federal law prohibits the sale, transportation, or possession of firearms across state lines if you do not possess a valid permit or have it registered in the new state.
• Background Checks: As mentioned earlier, federal law requires all gun sellers and transferrors to conduct background checks for prospective buyers.
• State Laws: Individual states have their own specific laws regarding the sale and possession of firearms.
• Registration: Some states require firearms to be registered before they can be lawfully possessed.
Short Answer: Can I Buy a Shotgun Out of State?
Yes, you can buy a shotgun out of state, but you must comply with both federal and state laws.
Federal Requirements for Interstate Firearms Transfers
Before buying a shotgun in one state and bringing it back to your home state, you must comply with the following federal requirements:
- Background Check: Complete a background check using NICS.
- Forms: Complete the FFL (Federal Firearm License) Form 4473, which serves as a receipt for the transaction and a record-keeping requirement.
- Transit: Transport the firearm in a manufacturer’s box or hard case and keep it out of plain sight.
- Storage: Store the firearm in a lock and load container if traveling through states with more stringent storage requirements.
State-Specific Requirements
After complying with federal requirements, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with the specific state laws and regulations of both the state where you’ll purchase the shotgun and your home state. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
- Waiting Periods: Some states have waiting periods or require a waiting period for NICS background checks. Ensure you understand the wait periods in both states.
- Permits: Obtain any necessary permits for ownership or possession in the new state.
- Registration: Register the shotgun with the new state authorities (if required).
- Transportation: Carry the shotgun only if it is unloaded, either in a manufacturer’s box or hard case or transported in an unlocked, empty firearm safe, as long as you can prove ownership and intend to transfer the firearm.
State-by-State Information
Here’s a general outline of state laws and requirements for shotgun purchases. Note that laws are subject to change, so check with the relevant state authorities for the most up-to-date information.
| State | Residency Requirement | Permit Required | Registration Required | Waiting Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 30 days | |||
| Alaska | 30 days | |||
| Arizona | 30 days | |||
| Arkansas | ||||
| California | 90 days | |||
| Colorado | 5 days | |||
| Connecticut | 14 days | |||
| Florida | 3 business days | |||
| Georgia | 10 days | |||
| Hawaii | 30 days | |||
| Idaho | 14 days | |||
| Illinois | 72 hours | |||
| Indiana | 3 business days | |||
| Kentucky | 14 days | |||
| Louisiana | ||||
| Maine | ||||
| Maryland | 7 days | |||
| Massachusetts | 7 days | |||
| Michigan | ||||
| Minnesota | 24 hours | |||
| Mississippi | ||||
| Missouri | 3 business days | |||
| Montana | 5 business days | |||
| Nebraska | 14 days | |||
| Nevada | 10 business days | |||
| New Hampshire | ||||
| New Jersey | 15 days | |||
| New Mexico | 7 days | |||
| New York | 30 days | |||
| North Carolina | 5 days | |||
| North Dakota | 72 hours | |||
| Ohio | 5 business days | |||
| Oklahoma | 30 days | |||
| Oregon | 7 days | |||
| Pennsylvania | 30 days | |||
| Rhode Island | 28 days | |||
| South Carolina | ||||
| South Dakota | ||||
| Tennessee | ||||
| Texas | 5 business days | |||
| Utah | ||||
| Vermont | 14 days | |||
| Virginia | 15 business days | |||
| Washington | 10 business days | |||
| West Virginia | 15 business days | |||
| Wisconsin | 3 business days | |||
| Wyoming | 3 business days |
Conclusion
While it is possible to buy a shotgun out of state, it’s crucial to understand and comply with both federal and state laws regarding the sale, transport, and possession of firearms. Remember to:
• Obtain a background check for both the seller and buyer
• Complete the appropriate paperwork (FFL Form 4473)
• Ensure compliance with state laws, including waiting periods and permit requirements
• Keep your shotgun unloaded and store it properly during transport
• Consult with local authorities or gun shops for specific advice
Remember, gun laws vary by state, so always check with relevant authorities for the most up-to-date information before engaging in any firearms transactions.
