How many gauges of shotguns are there?

How Many Gauges of Shotguns are There?

The shotgun, a staple in the world of hunting and target shooting, comes in a variety of sizes and calibers, all measured in a peculiar unit known as "gauges." But just how many gauges of shotguns are there? In this article, we’ll dive into the world of shotguns and explore the different gauges, their purposes, and the factors that determine which gauge is best for you.

Direct Answer: How Many Gauges of Shotguns are There?

There are 12 standard gauges of shotguns, each with its own unique characteristics and uses. From the massive 10-gauge to the tiny.410, each gauge serves a specific purpose and has its own advantages and disadvantages. But before we delve into the specifics, let’s explore the history behind shotguns and the reasons for their varying sizes.

History of Shotguns

Shotguns have been around for centuries, with early models dating back to the 16th century. In the early days of firearms, shotguns were made by modifying flintlocks to fire shot rather than a single ball. These early shotguns were massive, with bore sizes ranging from 24-gauge to 8-gauge. As firearms technology advanced, manufacturers began to produce shotguns with more manageable sizes, including the modern 12-gauge and 20-gauge.

What Determines a Shotgun’s Gauge?

A shotgun’s gauge is determined by the number of balls that can be stretched across the diameter of the barrel. For example, a 12-gauge shotgun has a diameter that is equal to the circumference of 12 balls stacked side by side. Gauge is measured by the number of inches it takes to equal 290 threads per inch (TPI). The threads per inch refer to the rifling on the barrel, which helps to propel the shot out of the barrel.

The Standard Gauges

So, what are the standard gauges of shotguns, and what are they used for? Here’s a breakdown of each gauge and its typical uses:

10-Gauge: Heavy, slow-flying pellets, ideal for large game hunting, such as ducks and geese.

9-Gauge: Heavy, slow-flying pellets, similar to 10-gauge, but slightly smaller.

8-Gauge: Heavier, slower pellets, suitable for large game hunting and waterfowl.

7-Gauge: Heavy, slow-flying pellets, ideal for large game hunting, especially deer and wild boar.

6-Gauge: Heavy, slow-flying pellets, suitable for large game hunting, such as deer and turkey.

4-Gauge: Medium-sized, slower pellets, often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and hares.

3-Gauge: Lighter, faster pellets, suitable for hunting smaller game, such as squirrels and pigeons.

2-Gauge: Light, fast pellets, often used for hunting smaller game, such as small game and clay targets.

20-Gauge: Lighter, faster pellets, suitable for hunting small to medium-sized game, such as pheasant and quail.

16-Gauge: Lighter, faster pellets, often used for hunting small to medium-sized game, such as grouse and woodcock.

12-Gauge: Standard, all-around pellet, suitable for hunting medium-sized game, such as ducks and pheasants.

12-Gauge (Shorter) – 3-3.5 inches: Semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns, popular for hunting and recreational shooting.

20-Gauge (Shorter) – 2.5-3 inches: Semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns, suitable for hunting and recreational shooting.

.410-Bore: Lightest, fastest pellets, ideal for hunting small game, such as rabbits and small birds, as well as recreational shooting.

What to Consider When Choosing a Shotgun Gauge

When selecting a shotgun gauge, there are several factors to consider:

• Game size and type: Larger game, such as deer, typically requires a heavier, slower pellet, while smaller game, such as pigeons, requires a lighter, faster pellet.
• Shooting distance: Closer shooting distances typically require a lighter, faster pellet, while longer shooting distances require a heavier, slower pellet.
• Recoil and handling: Smaller gauges typically produce less recoil and are easier to handle for beginners.
• Portability and storage: Smaller gauges are often more portable and take up less storage space.
• Cost: Smaller gauges tend to be less expensive than larger gauges.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are 12 standard gauges of shotguns, each with its own unique characteristics and uses. When choosing a shotgun gauge, consider the game you’ll be hunting, shooting distance, recoil, handling, portability, and cost. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or just starting out, understanding the different gauges of shotguns will help you make an informed decision when selecting the right shotgun for your needs.

Gauge Comparison Table

Note: The table is not exhaustive, and shot size and recommended use may vary depending on the manufacturer and specific shotgun model.