How to Clean a 12 Gauge Pump Shotgun?
As a responsible firearm owner, cleaning your shotgun is an essential part of maintaining its performance, prolonging its lifespan, and ensuring your safety on the range or in the field. A 12 gauge pump shotgun, in particular, requires regular cleaning and maintenance to function properly. In this article, we’ll guide you through a step-by-step process on how to clean a 12 gauge pump shotgun like a pro.
Safety First
Before you begin cleaning your shotgun, remember to always follow basic firearm safety rules:
- Unload the shotgun and physically inspect the chamber and magazin
- Disable the safety or safety/ trigger lock
- Place the shotgun on a bench or table, away from children and pets
- Wear eye protection and disposable gloves (optional)
Step 1: Disassemble the Shotgun
For a 12 gauge pump shotgun, you’ll typically need to disassemble it into its main components to facilitate cleaning. The components may vary depending on your shotgun model, but commonly found parts include:
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Barrel | Remove the barrel from the shotgun by unscrewing it from the receiver or using a barrel wrench (if equipped) |
| Receiver | Accessible from the top (rear) of the shotgun |
| Action Bars | Remove the top action bar (if not locked in place) for better access to the hammer, sear, and bolt |
| Trigger Assembly | Remove by disengaging the cross-pin or pin retaining cap |
Note: The process may vary depending on your shotgun model, always consult your owner’s manual for specific instructions.
Step 2: Clear Out Debris and Removable Parts
Use the following steps to clear debris and removable parts:
- Barrel Obstructions: Use a 10-gauge bore cleaner and a cleaning rod or patches to remove any foreign debris, dust, and lead residue from the inside of the barrel.
Note: Be gentle while cleaning the barrel to prevent damage or scratches. - Receiver and Muzzle: Use a toothbrush or a small detailing brush to remove dirt and grime from the receiver, muzzle, and under the barrel.
- Action Bars and Triggers: Remove any cleaning material, such as metal fibers or debris, trapped within the action bars using compressed air or a wire brush.
- Take-Down Pins or Latch: Remove pins or latches to disconnect and separate components for improved access.
Step 3: Clean the Actions
Use the following procedures to clean the actions of your 12 gauge pump shotgun:
- Action Bars and Bolt Assembly: Use a soft bristle brush and a moderate amount of cleaning solvent or CLP (cleaner-lubricant penetrator) to clean all crevices, tracks, and pivot points in the action bars and bolt assembly.
- Trigger Assembly: Use the same cleaning solvent or CLP to clean the sear, hammer, trigger pivot, and surrounding area. Avoid applying excessive amounts, as this may trigger unnecessary wear or damage components.
- Extractors and Ejectors: Gently clean the extraction grooves and ejectors with a soft brush, applying gentle pressure to avoid deformation.
Step 4: Inspect and Lubricate
Perform the following inspections and lubrications after cleaning:
- Visual Inspection: Inspect the shotgun for any broken, damaged, or damaged parts, and report those issues to a qualified technician for repair or replacement.
Note: Ensure all mating surfaces are clean and free from debris before reassembling components. - Lubrication Hints:
• CLP (Cleaner-Lubricant-Penetrator): Apply a thin layer onto key pivot points, contact surfaces, and moving components for optimal performance and preservation.
• Apply Lubricant: Faintly lubricate slide surfaces, trigger pivot point, and bolt assembly joints (if applicable).
*Avoid over-lubrication, as this can lead to unwanted residue building up and compromising performance."
Step 5: Reassemble**
When reassembling, remember to:
1. **Reattach Components in the Reverse Order**: Apply any lubricants or solutions and reattach components you previously removed, ensuring parts fit snugly and threads align properly.
1. **Tighten Moving Parts**: Securely install all moving parts, as they may shift during fire and affect accuracy.
*Keep in mind that applying too much force may disfigure or damage components.’
Step 6: Final Checkups and Storage**
Before finally putting away your cleaned 12 gauge pump shotgun:
* **Inspect for Proper Installation**: Double-check all previously disassembled components ensure correct installation and secure latches.
* **Adjust Action Bars (if equipped)**: Ensure proper stroke length and action bar freeplay for optimal performance
* **Clean and Return Safety**: Reinstall, ensure proper function, and perform a dry-fire run to verify trigger response without malfunctions.
* **Storage and Maintenance**: Designate a clean, ventilated area for storage to keep your shotgun away from children, pets, or extreme temperatures. Regular maintenance schedules will ensure your weapon remains in top condition.
