What are Shotguns Classified By?
Shotguns are a type of firearm that is widely used for hunting, sport, and self-defense. They are classified in various ways, depending on the intended use, design, and functionality. In this article, we will explore the different ways shotguns are classified, including their gauge, length of pull, stock type, action type, and choke system.
Gauge
One of the most common ways to classify shotguns is by their gauge, which refers to the diameter of the barrel in relation to a standard unit of measurement. Gauge is measured in units of 1/12th of an inch. For example, a 12-gauge shotgun has a barrel diameter of 0.729 inches.
Here is a table summarizing the most common gauges used in shotguns:
| Gauge | Barrel Diameter (inches) |
|---|---|
| 10-gauge | 0.775 |
| 12-gauge | 0.729 |
| 16-gauge | 0.665 |
| 20-gauge | 0.615 |
| 28-gauge | 0.55 |
| .410 | 0.410 |
Length of Pull
Another way to classify shotguns is by their length of pull, which refers to the distance between the butt of the shotgun and the trigger. Length of pull is typically measured in inches and can vary depending on the intended use of the shotgun.
Here are some common length of pull measurements for shotguns:
- Youth shotguns: 12-13 inches
- Women’s shotguns: 13-14 inches
- Standard shotguns: 14-15 inches
- Tall shotguns: 15-16 inches
Stock Type
Shotguns can also be classified by their stock type, which refers to the design and shape of the shotgun’s grip and fore-end. Common stock types include:
- Pump-action: A stock with a recoil pad and a fore-end that is designed for use with a pump-action shotgun.
- Semi-automatic: A stock with a recoil pad and a fore-end that is designed for use with a semi-automatic shotgun.
- Break-action: A stock with a recoil pad and a fore-end that is designed for use with a break-action shotgun.
- Over-and-under: A stock with a recoil pad and a fore-end that is designed for use with an over-and-under shotgun.
Action Type
Shotguns can also be classified by their action type, which refers to the mechanism used to eject the spent shell and chamber a new one. Common action types include:
- Pump-action: A shotgun that uses a pump handle to eject the spent shell and chamber a new one.
- Semi-automatic: A shotgun that uses the recoil energy to eject the spent shell and chamber a new one.
- Break-action: A shotgun that uses a hinge to break open and eject the spent shell.
- Over-and-under: A shotgun that uses a mechanism to rotate the barrels and eject the spent shell.
Choke System
Shotguns can also be classified by their choke system, which refers to the design of the muzzle and the way it constricts the shot pattern. Common choke systems include:
- Full choke: A choke that restricts the shot pattern to a very tight diameter.
- Improved modified choke: A choke that restricts the shot pattern to a slightly wider diameter than a full choke.
- Modified choke: A choke that restricts the shot pattern to a slightly wider diameter than an improved modified choke.
- Skeet choke: A choke that is designed specifically for skeet shooting and has a very wide shot pattern.
Additional Classification
Shotguns can also be classified by their intended use, such as:
- Hunting shotguns: Shotguns designed for hunting and typically have a longer barrel and a full choke.
- Sport shotguns: Shotguns designed for competitive shooting and typically have a shorter barrel and a modified choke.
- Self-defense shotguns: Shotguns designed for personal protection and typically have a shorter barrel and a full choke.
Conclusion
In conclusion, shotguns are classified in various ways, including by their gauge, length of pull, stock type, action type, and choke system. Understanding these different classifications can help you choose the right shotgun for your needs and ensure that you are using it safely and effectively. Whether you are a seasoned hunter or a beginner, knowing the basics of shotgun classification can make a big difference in your shooting experience.
