What Type of Fuel Does a Helicopter Use?
Helicopters are incredibly versatile aircraft that play a crucial role in various industries, from search and rescue operations to medical transport, firefighting, and tourism. As with any vehicle, helicopters require fuel to operate. But what type of fuel do they use? In this article, we’ll delve into the world of helicopter fuel, exploring the different types, advantages, and disadvantages of each.
Direct Answer:
Helicopters typically use Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF), also known as Jet-A or JP-8. However, some smaller helicopters, such as those used for training or recreation, might use Automotive Gasoline or Gasoil.
Why Aviation Turbine Fuel?
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) is the most common type of fuel used in helicopters due to its unique characteristics:
• High Octane Rating: ATF has a high octane rating, which helps prevent engine knocking and ensures reliable operation at high altitudes and temperatures.
• Low Viscosity: ATF has a low viscosity, making it easier to pump and inject into the engine, which reduces fuel system wear and tear.
• Good Low-Temperature Performance: ATF’s low viscosity and high Flash Point (FP) allow it to remain fluid at low temperatures, ensuring easy starting and reliable operation.
• Excellent Combustion Characteristics: ATF has a high-energy density and burns efficiently, providing consistent power and performance.
Types of Aviation Turbine Fuel
There are three main types of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF):
| Type | Flash Point (°F) | Freezing Point (°F) | Freeze Point (°F) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jet-A | 38-54 | -58 to -76 | -40 to -50 |
| Jet-A+ | 38-54 | -58 to -76 | -40 to -50 |
| Turbo Jet | 38-54 | -58 to -76 | -40 to -50 |
- Jet-A: The most widely used type of ATF, Jet-A has a flash point of 38-54°F (-38 to 12°C) and a freezing point of -58 to -76°F (-50 to -60°C).
- Jet-A+: This type of ATF has the same specifications as Jet-A but also contains additives that improve fuel stability and compatibility.
- Turbo Jet: This type of ATF is used in high-performance engines and has a higher energy density than Jet-A and Jet-A+.
Automotive Gasoline and Gasoil**
While not as common as ATF, some smaller helicopters might use **Automotive Gasoline** or **Gasoil** for fuel:
* **Automotive Gasoline**: A type of refined product made from crude oil, automotive gasoline is not suitable for helicopter engines. It may cause engine knock, piston ring wear, and damage to fuel injectors and other components.
* **Gasoil**: Also known as Diesel Fuel or Distillate Fuel Oil, Gasoil is used in diesel engines and some smaller helicopters. However, it’s not recommended for use in turbine engines as it can lead to increased fuel consumption, reduced performance, and damage to fuel system components.
**Benefits and Drawbacks of Helicopter Fuel**
Using the correct type of fuel for your helicopter is crucial. Here are some benefits and drawbacks to consider:
Benefits:
* **Reliable Operation**: Using the correct type of fuel ensures consistent performance and reliable operation.
* **Long Engine Life**: Proper fuel selection can help extend the life of your engine by reducing wear and tear on components.
* **Easy Maintenance**: Using the correct type of fuel makes maintenance easier and reduces the risk of clogged fuel lines and fuel injectors.
Drawbacks:
* **Limited Availability**: ATF may not be readily available at all fueling stations, which can cause delays and inconvenience.
* **Higher Cost**: ATF is generally more expensive than automotive gasoline or gasoil.
* **Fuel System Compatibility**: Using the wrong type of fuel can damage fuel system components and require costly repairs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, helicopters typically use Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF), also known as Jet-A or JP-8. While Automotive Gasoline and Gasoil may be used in some smaller helicopters, they are not recommended for use in turbine engines. It’s essential to use the correct type of fuel to ensure reliable operation, long engine life, and easy maintenance. By understanding the benefits and drawbacks of helicopter fuel, you can make informed decisions when it comes to fuel selection and ensure a safe and efficient flying experience.
