What’s the Difference between 12 Gauge and 20 Gauge Shotgun?
When it comes to shotguns, one of the most common questions beginners ask is about the difference between 12 gauge and 20 gauge. Both gauges are popular among hunters and target shooters, but they have distinct characteristics that set them apart. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences between 12 gauge and 20 gauge shotguns, helping you make an informed decision for your next purchase or rental.
Gauge Definition
Before we dive into the differences, let’s define what gauge means. Gauge refers to the diameter of the shotgun’s barrel, measured in hundredths of an inch. A smaller gauge means a larger diameter, while a larger gauge means a smaller diameter. In simple terms, a 12 gauge shotgun has a barrel diameter of 0.729 inches, while a 20 gauge shotgun has a barrel diameter of 0.615 inches.
Pellet Size and Load
One of the most significant differences between 12 gauge and 20 gauge shotguns is the size of the pellets and the loads. 12 gauge shotguns typically use larger pellets, ranging from 7.5 to 9.5 mm in diameter, while 20 gauge shotguns use smaller pellets, ranging from 5.5 to 7.5 mm in diameter**. This means that 12 gauge shotguns can handle larger, more powerful loads, while 20 gauge shotguns are better suited for smaller, more precise loads.
| Pellet Size (mm) | 12 Gauge | 20 Gauge |
|---|---|---|
| 7.5-9.5 | Larger | Smaller |
| 5.5-7.5 | Smaller | Larger |
Power and Recoil
As a result of the larger pellets and loads, 12 gauge shotguns generally have more power and recoil than 20 gauge shotguns. This makes them better suited for hunting larger game, such as deer and turkey, where more stopping power is needed. 20 gauge shotguns, on the other hand, are better suited for smaller game, such as quail and dove, where less recoil and more precision are desired.
| Power and Recoil | 12 Gauge | 20 Gauge |
|---|---|---|
| Power | Higher | Lower |
| Recoil | Higher | Lower |
Weight and Handling
Another significant difference between 12 gauge and 20 gauge shotguns is their weight and handling. 12 gauge shotguns are generally heavier and more powerful, making them more difficult to handle for smaller or younger shooters. 20 gauge shotguns, on the other hand, are lighter and more manageable, making them a better choice for beginners or those who prefer a more lightweight shotgun.
| Weight and Handling | 12 Gauge | 20 Gauge |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | Heavier | Lighter |
| Handling | More powerful | More manageable |
Range and Accuracy
Finally, the range and accuracy of 12 gauge and 20 gauge shotguns differ significantly. 12 gauge shotguns have a longer effective range due to their larger pellets and more powerful loads, making them better suited for long-range shooting. 20 gauge shotguns, on the other hand, are more accurate at shorter ranges due to their smaller pellets and less recoil, making them better suited for target shooting and small game hunting.
| Range and Accuracy | 12 Gauge | 20 Gauge |
|---|---|---|
| Range | Longer | Shorter |
| Accuracy | Less accurate | More accurate |
Conclusion
In conclusion, the difference between 12 gauge and 20 gauge shotguns lies in their gauge definition, pellet size and load, power and recoil, weight and handling, and range and accuracy. 12 gauge shotguns are better suited for larger game and long-range shooting, while 20 gauge shotguns are better suited for smaller game and shorter-range shooting. Ultimately, the choice between 12 gauge and 20 gauge depends on your personal preferences, hunting style, and the type of game you’re hunting.
