How Fast is a Tomahawk Missile?
Introduction
The Tomahawk missile is a conventional cruise missile developed by the United States Navy. Designed to deliver a payload to a target, the Tomahawk has been widely used in various military campaigns over the years. In this article, we will examine the speed of the Tomahawk missile and the factors that affect its acceleration.
Speed of Tomahawk Missile
Contents
The Cruise Speed: **540-650mph (870-1,046 km/h)**
The Tomahawk missile has a maximum cruise speed of around 540-650mph, which is approximately 1,046-1,046 km/h at an altitude of around 100 feet (30 meters). This speed is critical for the missile’s efficiency in evading radar detection, as it allows it to spread out the energy required for propulsion over a longer duration. The cruise speed also plays a crucial role in maintaining control and stability during the terminal phase of the mission, when the missile is programmed to release its payload onto the target.
High-Speed Cruise: Subsonic to Supersonic**
The Tomahawk’s cruise speed is remarkable when compared to other types of missiles. While most high-speed missiles, such as the GBU-45 JDAM, reach terminal velocities of over Mach 2 (around 2,400 km/h or 1,500mph), the Tomahawk’s cruise speed is approximately subsonic, meaning it travels at an airspeed below the speed of sound (Mach 1, or approximately 1,294 km/h or 802mph). However, the Tomahawk missile can reach supersonic speeds during its vertical ascent and descent phases. This ability to transition seamlessly between subsonic and supersonic speeds makes it an extremely versatile weapon for various military applications.
Acceleration: Up to **10 G-force**
The Tomahawk’s acceleration is another significant consideration. When the missile pitches up or down during turns, it can experience incredible forces, reaching up to 10 G-forces. This represents a remarkable acceleration capability compared to most other types of missiles, which typically produce forces ranging from 5-8 G-forces. The Tomahawk’s advanced control systems ensure that it can maintain maneuverability while withstanding powerful forces during its mission phases.
Factors Affecting Speed
Factors Influencing Velocity
Various factors influence the Tomahawk’s speed, primarily:
- Air pressure: As the missile increases in altitude, air density decreases, affecting its kinetic energy and, subsequently, its speed.
- Air resistance: Drag slows down the missile, leading to a decrease in airspeed and, in extreme cases, a loss of control.
- Flight control: The Tomahawk’s advanced control surfaces, such as the nose and tail fins, actively adjust the missile’s shape to minimize drag and achieve optimal performance.
- Propulsion: The conventional propulsion system, using the missile’s internal rocket booster, affects the Tomahawk’s acceleration and sustains its cruise speed during the mission.
The Tomahawk’s Engine
The Williams F46 Turbofan**: **3,300 Pounds-Force (ft-lbf) of thrust**
The Tomahawk cruise missile is powered by a Williams F46 turbofan engine, which is capable of producing up to 3,300 pounds-force (ft-lbf) of thrust. This powerful engine facilitates the missile’s rapid climb and enables it to traverse varied terrain with ease.
| Key Specifications | Tomahawk Cruise Missile | Other Missiles (e.g., GBU-45 JDAM) |
|---|---|---|
| Cruise Speed | 540-650mph (870-1,046 km/h) | Mach 2 (+2,400 km/h or 1,500mph) |
| Acceleration | Up to 10 G-force | 5-8 G-forces |
| Flight Control | Adjustable nose and tail fins | Fixed aerodynamic surfaces |
| Propulsion | Conventional rocket booster | Solid rocket booster |
Conclusion
The Tomahawk cruise missile is an impressive weapon designed to deliver a payload at high speed and precision, with an impressive range. Its subsonic to supersonic transition capabilities and up to 10 G-force acceleration make it an optimal choice for various military tasks. By understanding the intricacies of the Tomahawk’s speed and mechanics, we can appreciate its remarkable performance and capabilities on the battlefield.
