How is a Parathyroid Nuclear Scan Done?
A parathyroid nuclear scan is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to locate and identify abnormalities in the parathyroid glands, which are four small glands located in the neck that play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. In this article, we will take a closer look at how a parathyroid nuclear scan is performed, including the preparation, procedure, and what to expect during the test.
Preparation for the Test
Before the test, you will be asked to undergo some basic preparations:
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water to ensure your blood is well-oxygenated and to help the scanning process.
- Diet: Avoid consuming fatty foods or oils, especially heavy oils, for at least 24 hours before the test. This will help your body absorb the injected substances more effectively.
- Stop thyroid hormones: Note: If you are taking thyroid hormone medication, talk to your doctor about stopping or adjusting the dosage for at least 2-4 weeks before the test.
**Procedure**
During the parathyroid nuclear scan, a **small amount of radioactive substance** (called a radioactive isotope) is administered intravenously, allowing the parathyroid glands to absorb it. **This process typically takes only a few minutes**. The radioactive isotope highlights the parathyroid glands, making it possible to identify any abnormalities or imbalances.
The following step-by-step guide outlines the procedure:
* **Receiving the injection**: Lie down on a comfortable examining table, and the injector will administer the radioactive substance through a small vein in your arm or hand. You may feel a brief pinch or slight stinging sensation during the injection process.
* **Scanning**: After the injection, you will need to lay still for approximately 2-3 hours, **depending on the type of scan**. The machine will take multiple images or “frames” to produce a detailed picture of the parathyroid glands.
**Types of Parathyroid Nuclear Scans:**
There are two types of parathyroid nuclear scans:
| **Technique** | **Scan Type** | **Risks and Considerations** |
| — | — | — |
| Dual-Phase Parathyroid Scan | Identifies increased blood flow to abnormal areas | May take longer (~2-3 hours); some patients may experience brief radiation exposure. |
| Single-Phase Parathyroid Scan | Locates areas with abnormal radioisotope uptake | May miss some abnormalities due to potential false negatives; **often used for post-surgery monitoring**. |
**During and After the Scan**
When you’re having the parathyroid nuclear scan:
* **Lie still and relax**: Stay as comfortable as possible to minimize discomfort and ensure the machine obtains clear images.
* **Monitor your surroundings**: Don’t move around, take breaks, or go near electronic devices while the scanner is taking images.
Once the scan is complete, you can resume your usual activities. The scan **results will typically take about 1-3 hours to process**, after which they will be shared with your doctor.
**After-Scan Care:**
You don’t need any specific care after the parthyroid nuclear scan, **except for avoiding radiation contamination**:
* **No restrictions**: Go about your daily routine without restrictions. Avoid exposing others, particularly pregnant women or young children, to radiation by storing the scan sheet or material in a well-sealed bag.
* **Diet and activities**: As usual, unless otherwise recommended by your doctor.
If you have any questions, concerns, or experiences before or during the scan, make sure to consult with your doctor or the nuclear medicine technician.
In conclusion, a parathyroid nuclear scan is a pain-free, non-invasive, and relatively short test to diagnose and monitor parathyroid gland issues. If you’re preparing for such a scan or looking to gain more insight, we’ve covered the key points about preparation, procedure, types of scans, and post-scan care. Please consult with your doctor and follow their recommendations to minimize potential risks and maximize scan effectiveness.
