What are the Different Gauges of Shotguns?
When it comes to shotguns, one of the most common questions that new shooters and hunters have is "What are the different gauges of shotguns?" In this article, we will explore the different gauges of shotguns, their history, and the benefits and drawbacks of each.
What is a Gauge?
Before we dive into the different gauges, let’s define what a gauge is. A gauge is a measurement of the diameter of the shotgun barrel, measured from the inside of the barrel. It is typically measured in units of 1/1000th of an inch. The smaller the gauge, the larger the diameter of the barrel.
History of Gauges
The concept of gauges dates back to the 17th century, when gunsmiths began to use a system of measuring the diameter of gun barrels. The first gauges were based on the number of lead balls that could fit inside the barrel. For example, a 12-gauge shotgun could hold 12 lead balls, while a 10-gauge shotgun could hold 10 lead balls. Over time, the system evolved to use a measurement of the diameter of the barrel, rather than the number of balls it could hold.
Common Gauges
There are several common gauges of shotguns, each with its own unique characteristics and benefits. Here are some of the most common gauges:
• 10-gauge: The largest gauge available, 10-gauge shotguns are typically used for waterfowl hunting and are known for their powerful recoil. They are also often used for hunting larger game, such as deer and turkey.
| Characteristics | 10-gauge |
|---|---|
| Barrel diameter | 0.775" |
| Shot size | 2 3/4" and 3" |
| Weight | Heavy |
• 12-gauge: The most popular gauge, 12-gauge shotguns are versatile and can be used for a variety of purposes, including hunting, target shooting, and home defense. They are known for their balanced recoil and are a good all-around choice for most shooters.
| Characteristics | 12-gauge |
|---|---|
| Barrel diameter | 0.729" |
| Shot size | 2 3/4", 3", and 3 1/2" |
| Weight | Medium |
• 16-gauge: A popular choice for upland game birds, 16-gauge shotguns are known for their lighter recoil and are a good choice for younger or smaller shooters. They are also often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels.
| Characteristics | 16-gauge |
|---|---|
| Barrel diameter | 0.662" |
| Shot size | 2 3/4" and 3" |
| Weight | Light |
• 20-gauge: A popular choice for smaller game, 20-gauge shotguns are known for their light recoil and are a good choice for younger or smaller shooters. They are often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels.
| Characteristics | 20-gauge |
|---|---|
| Barrel diameter | 0.615" |
| Shot size | 2 3/4" and 3" |
| Weight | Light |
• 28-gauge: The smallest gauge, 28-gauge shotguns are known for their extremely light recoil and are a good choice for younger or smaller shooters. They are often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels.
| Characteristics | 28-gauge |
|---|---|
| Barrel diameter | 0.555" |
| Shot size | 2 3/4" and 3" |
| Weight | Very light |
Other Gauges
In addition to the common gauges listed above, there are several other gauges available, including:
• 8-gauge: The second largest gauge, 8-gauge shotguns are known for their powerful recoil and are often used for hunting larger game, such as deer and turkey.
• 14-gauge: A rare gauge, 14-gauge shotguns are known for their unique balance and are often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels.
• 24-gauge: A rare gauge, 24-gauge shotguns are known for their light recoil and are often used for hunting smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the different gauges of shotguns each have their own unique characteristics and benefits. From the powerful 10-gauge to the lightweight 28-gauge, there is a gauge available for every shooter and hunter. When choosing a shotgun, it is important to consider the type of hunting you will be doing, as well as your personal preferences and abilities. By understanding the different gauges and their characteristics, you can make an informed decision and find the perfect shotgun for your needs.
