What did the Vikings Use for Weapons?
The Vikings were known for their bravery, strength, and skill in battle, and their weapons played a crucial role in their warfare and raids. For over three centuries, the Vikings relied on a variety of weapons to conquer and protect their territories. In this article, we will explore the different types of weapons the Vikings used, from ancient to medieval times.
The Early Years ( Late Iron Age to Early Medieval Period)
During the Late Iron Age (roughly 500-600 AD), the Vikings were just beginning to emerge as a distinct culture. They lived in small villages, called "longhouses," and relied on agriculture, fishing, and trading to sustain themselves. During this period, their weapons were largely made of iron, which was a rare and valuable resource.
Hewel Runes and Knives
The earliest known Viking weapons were small and portable, such as:
- Hewel Runes: Short iron daggers with intricate runes carved into the handle
- Knives: Made of iron, used for hunting, farming, and self-defense
Battle-Ax and Swords
As the Viking age progressed, their weapons became more sophisticated and larger:
- Battle-Ax: A wooden or stone shaft with a heavy iron or bronze head, used for chopping and slashing
- Swords: Longer and more versatile, made of iron, used for slashing, piercing, and cutting
Long-Distance Weapons
For long-distance combat, the Vikings used:
- Spears: Long wooden or bone shafts with iron or bronze points
- Javelins: Short, lightweight darts made of wood, bone, or metal, used for throwing
- Bows and Arrows: Made of yew wood and fletched with feathers, used for hunting and battle
Armour and Protection
To protect themselves, the Vikings used:
- Leather or woolen armor: Togas, cloaks, or aprons made of animal hides or woven fabric, worn for added protection
- Helmet or Coif: Headwear made of leather, steel, or wood, designed to protect the head and neck
- Shield: A circular or rectangular wooden or metal plate, often decorated with designs, used for deflecting projectiles
Table 1: Viking Weapons by Century
| Century | Primary Weapons | Secondary Weapons | Shields |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8th | Hewel Runes, Knives | Bows and Arrows, Slings | Wooden |
| 9th | Battle-Ax, Swords | Spears, Javelins | Leather |
| 10th | Swords, Hammers | Bows and Arrows, Daggers | Metal |
Unique and Exotic Weapons
Throughout their history, the Vikings also used:
- Frisian or Ulfberht swords: High-quality, heavy, and ornate swords with intricate designs and hilts
- Crossbow: A medieval device using a bowstring to propel a bolt or arrow, used for siege warfare
- Nerthus: A small, curved sword or knife used by Viking women, known for their skill in battle
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Vikings employed a diverse range of weapons to suit their various needs, from hunting and raiding to battle and warfare. Their weapons evolved over time, reflecting advancements in metallurgy, technology, and craftsmanship. Understanding the Vikings’ weapons helps to illuminate their culture, tactics, and way of life.
