What is a 4473 when buying a gun?
When it comes to buying a gun in the United States, one of the most crucial documents you’ll encounter is the Form 4473. But what is a 4473, and why is it so important?
What is Form 4473?
Form 4473, also known as the " Firearms Transaction Record," is a federal form used by gun dealers to record information about firearms transactions. This form is required by federal law for all civilian firearms transactions, including both retail and private sales. The form is used to ensure that firearms are only sold to eligible buyers, and that the guns do not fall into the wrong hands.
Who Needs to Fill Out a 4473?
All federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) must use Form 4473 to record information about every firearms transaction. Private sellers are not required to use Form 4473, but they may be required to use state-specific forms or follow specific guidelines.
What Information Does a 4473 Need to Record?
The Form 4473 collects the following information from buyers:
- Identification: The buyer’s name, date of birth, and social security number
- Address: The buyer’s current address and residence address (if different)
- Background Check Information: The results of a background check conducted through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
- Firearm Information: The make, model, and serial number of the firearm being sold
How Does a Background Check Work?
A background check is a thorough investigation of the buyer’s criminal history and eligibility to own a firearm. The check is conducted through NICS, a computerized database that contains information about individuals who are:
- Prohibited Persons: Convicted felons, domestic abusers, illegal aliens, and individuals dishonorably discharged from the military
- Disqualified Individuals: Mentally ill individuals, or those who have been involuntarily committed to a mental institution
- Those with Certain Criminal Records: Individuals with certain types of criminal records, such as misdemeanor domestic violence or felony convictions
What Happens if a Background Check Fails?
If a background check fails, the sale of the firearm is prohibited, and the buyer may be denied the right to possess a firearm. The reasons for a failed background check may include:
- Criminal History: A criminal record that makes the individual ineligible to own a firearm
- Adjudication of Mental Disability: A court judgment or commitment to a mental institution
- Other Relevant Factors: A restraining order, a history of stalking, or other factors that make the individual a risk to themselves or others
What Happens After a Background Check?
After a background check has been completed, the seller must:
- Log the Results: Record the results of the background check on the Form 4473
- Retrieve the Firearm: Only release the firearm to the buyer if the background check is approved
- Maintain Records: Retain a copy of the Form 4473 for at least 20 years
Conclusion
In conclusion, Form 4473 is a crucial document in the process of buying a gun in the United States. It is a federal form used to ensure that firearms are only sold to eligible buyers and that the guns do not fall into the wrong hands. By understanding what information the form requires and how the background check process works, you can better navigate the process of buying a gun and ensure that you are complying with federal laws and regulations.
Important Facts to Remember:
• All federally licensed firearms dealers must use Form 4473
• Private sellers are not required to use Form 4473
• A background check is conducted through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
• The sale of a firearm is prohibited if a background check fails
• Firearm sellers must log the results of the background check on the Form 4473
• Sellers must maintain records of the Form 4473 for at least 20 years
Table: Form 4473 Fields
| Field # | Field Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Name | Buyer’s name |
| 2 | Date of Birth | Buyer’s date of birth |
| 3 | Social Security Number | Buyer’s social security number |
| 4 | Address | Buyer’s current address |
| 5 | Residence Address | Buyer’s residence address (if different) |
| 6 | Background Check Results | Results of the background check |
| 7 | Firearm Information | Make, model, and serial number of the firearm |
Bullets List: Benefits of Form 4473
• Reduces Gun Violence: Helps to prevent guns from falling into the wrong hands, reducing the risk of gun violence
• Enforces Federal Laws: Ensures that federal laws related to firearms are enforced, including background checks and gun ownership restrictions
• Protects Public Safety: Helps to protect public safety by ensuring that only eligible individuals can purchase and own firearms
• Prevents Gun Trafficking: Helps to prevent gun trafficking by tracking the movement of firearms and identifying potential criminals
• Improves Record-Keeping: Enhances record-keeping practices for firearms dealers and the government, making it easier to track and regulate the sale of firearms.
