What is Veterans Preference?
For many Americans, the word "veteran" evokes a sense of pride and gratitude. Men and women who have served in the armed forces of the United States have given their time, talent, and even their lives in defense of our country and its values. In recognition of their sacrifices and commitment, the US government offers a range of benefits to veterans, including a crucial advantage in the job market: Veterans Preference.
What is Veterans Preference?
Veterans Preference is a program established by the US government to give veterans a hiring preference in federal government jobs, as well as in jobs with participating state and local governments and private companies. This means that eligible veterans receive an edge in the application and hiring process, allowing them to compete more effectively for employment opportunities.
History of Veterans Preference
The concept of Veterans Preference dates back to the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War. The first Veterans Preference law was enacted in 1872, allowing Union veterans of the Civil War to receive preferential treatment in government jobs. Over time, the program has expanded to include veterans of other conflicts, including World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and more recent conflicts.
Eligibility for Veterans Preference
To be eligible for Veterans Preference, individuals must have served in the armed forces of the United States. This includes active duty, reserve, and National Guard service. Eligible veterans must also have been discharged or separated from service under honorable conditions.
Types of Veterans Preference
There are two types of Veterans Preference: Priority System and Ten-Point Preference.
Priority System
The Priority System applies to veterans who have not been dishonorably discharged. Under this system, eligible veterans are given preference in hiring decisions, as well as preference in being retained in employment.
| Priority | Benefits |
|---|---|
| 1 | Preference in hiring |
| 2 | Preference in retention |
| 3 | Ten-Point Preference |
Ten-Point Preference
The Ten-Point Preference applies to veterans who have been awarded certain military medals or have service-connected disabilities. These individuals receive 10 extra points in hiring decisions, as well as preference in promotion and job retention.
| Medal or Disability | Ten-Point Preference |
|---|---|
| Purple Heart | 10 points |
| Service-Connected Disabilities | 10 points |
| Silver Star | 5 points |
| Bronze Star | 5 points |
How Veterans Preference Works
The Veterans Preference program is managed by the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM). Federal agencies and participating state and local governments are required to give Veterans Preference to eligible veterans. When a position becomes available, hiring officials must review all applications, including those of eligible veterans. The preference is usually given to the veteran candidate, but only if that candidate is the best-qualified candidate.
What is a Veteran?
To be eligible for Veterans Preference, individuals must be considered "veterans" under federal law. This includes:
- Those who have served at least 180 days of active duty, exclusive of training
- Those who have been discharged or separated under honorable conditions
- Those who have been medically discharged due to service-connected disabilities
How to Apply for Veterans Preference
To apply for Veterans Preference, veterans must provide proof of military service and other required documents. These may include:
- DD Form 214 (Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty)
- Department of Veterans Affairs letter indicating service-connected disability
- Military identification card
Veterans must also provide information about their military service, including their branch of service, rank, and dates of service. This information is used to verify their eligibility for Veterans Preference.
Conclusion
Veterans Preference is an important program that recognizes the sacrifices and service of American veterans. By providing a hiring advantage in the federal and private sectors, the program helps ensure that eligible veterans have equal opportunities to succeed in the civilian workforce. Whether you’re a recent veteran or one who has served in decades past, understanding Veterans Preference can be a valuable resource in your job search and career development.
