When Was the National Guard Founded?
The National Guard has a rich history dating back to the colonial era of America. The National Guard has undergone several transformations over the years, evolving into what it is today – an integral part of the U.S. military.
Contents
Early Years of the National Guard (1600s-1800s)
The National Guard was established in 1636 when the Massachusetts Bay Colony sent 10 companies to Plymouth to suppress Native American uprisings. These early units were militia companies, raised and financed by the colonies, which played a crucial role in defending the colonies during times of war.
• In 1645, Massachusetts formed the first state regiment, which was mandatory for all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 to serve.
• Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the colonies continued to maintain their own militia units to protect themselves from foreign invasion and Native American raids.
• In 1790, the first National Agreement was signed, creating federal recognition for state militias.
War of 1812 and the Pre-Civil War Era (1800s)
During the War of 1812, many state militias played a vital role in defending American cities and territories against British attack.
• In 1860, the states adopted a uniform organization structure for their militia units, which laid the groundwork for the modern National Guard.
• Prior to the American Civil War, there was a sharp contrast between the attitudes toward state militias in the northern and southern states. Many northern states saw militias as a way to preserve independence, while southern states feared them as a tool of government control.
Civil War to the Spanish-American War (1800s-1898)
The Civil War saw many National Guard units fight for their respective states, and this divided loyalties led to issues during the war.
• After the Civil War, the National Guard became known as the Volunteer Force, with members electing their own officers.
• During the Spanish-American War, the National Guard played a significant role, with many units seeing active duty in Cuba.
World War I to World War II (1900s-1945)
During World War I and World War II, National Guard units were mobilized for federal service and took part in major military operations.
• In 1933, the Purdue Act formally merged the National Guard into the U.S. Armed Forces, making them eligible for federal funding and establishing the National Guard as we know it today.
• During World War II, National Guard units saw action in the Atlantic and Pacific theaters, serving as infantrymen, artillerymen, and communications troops.
The Post-War Era and Present Day (1946-Present)
Since the end of World War II, National Guard units have served on various fronts, from domestic disasters to international crises.
• In 1982, the Stout-Towner Act recognized the National Guard’s new role in state Homeland Defense, allowing for mobilization in response to natural disasters.
• In 2006, the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act further solidified the National Guard’s role in domestic crisis management, allowing for expanded training and equipment.
Conclusion
The National Guard was founded in 1636 when the Massachusetts Bay Colony established the first state militia unit. Over the years, the National Guard has undergone significant transformations, adapting to the changing needs of the country. From local militias to federal units, the National Guard has remained a vital part of America’s military and civilian fabric.
