How Did Washington Handle the War Between Britain and France?
The United States’ Declaration of Independence from Great Britain in 1776 did not automatically imply an end to its relationship with the colonial power. The ongoing American Revolutionary War saw the American colonies continue to battle the British for their freedom. Meanwhile, a global war between Britain and France, known as the Anglo-French War (1778-1783), further complicated the situation.
The Neutrality Policy**
When Washington became the **Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army** in 1775, he recognized that the best course of action would be to focus on defeating the British rather than involving himself in the **British-French War**. This **Neutrality Policy** was formalized on May 24, 1776, with a resolution that condemned **foreign entanglements**. Washington aimed to prevent an alliance between Britain and **Native American tribes** who were being coerced by the British, as well as maintaining American influence on the international stage.
| Month | Action |
|---|---|
| April 1776 | French support for American revolutionaries began |
| May 24, 1776 | Continent Congress resolved on Neutrality Policy |
| September 1777 | Burgoyne’s army, with Indian support, reached Saratoga |
| December 1777 | France recognized American independence |
International Politics**
While Washington pursued neutrality, other American states and European nations began taking sides in the conflict. The **Saratoga campaign**, in which an American-French alliance repelled **British General Burgoyne**’s invasion, contributed to a **French military build-up** and shifting alliances.
The Turning Point**
December 1777 saw France formally **recognize American independence**. **Benjamin Franklin**, along with other American envoys, traveled to **Versailles**, securing the support of King **Louis XVI**. French backing increased American capabilities and credibility in the **Quasi-War**, as it is often called. In essence, **America gained independence through an informal alliance** with France, without abandoning its declared policy of **neutrality** in the global war between Britain and France.
Logistical and Financial Challenges**
In addition to the political machinations, Washington’s task as commander was compounded by **logistical and financial** woes. With France supporting its efforts, supplies, funding, and volunteers increased significantly. Nonetheless, maintaining cohesion among his Continental Army **divided units**, made up of states and nationalities with competing interests and agendas, required diplomacy, tact, and military finesse.
**Some important points to remember:**
• The United States Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776
• In 1775, General Washington was made the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army
• British and French global conflict during 1778-1783 is also known as the **American Revolutionary War**
• December 1777 saw France officially recognize American independence
