How to Load a Pump Shotgun: A Step-by-Step Guide
Pump shotguns have been a staple in shooters’ arsenals for over a century, and the correct loading procedure is an essential skill to master for safe and effective use. Whether you’re a hunting enthusiast, a competitive shotgun sport participant, or just starting out with firearms training, understanding how to properly load a pump shotgun can save you from potential embarrassment or even injury. So, let’s dive straight in and explore the necessary steps to load a pump shotgun.
Understanding Basic Concepts
Before we move on to the loading procedure, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with two key concepts:
- Capacity: The number of shotgun shells a pump-action shotgun can hold.
- Ejection Port: The opening at the chamber area where spent shells exit when the action is recocked.
Loading for Safety
Before loading a pump shotgun, ensure your finger is outside of the trigger guard while operating the shotgun. Unloaded shotguns should only be handled by authorized adults and children under close supervision. Always follow local safety guidelines and regulations.
**Pump Shotgun Loading Procedure
Step-by-Step Instructions
Following are the steps to correctly load a pump shotgun:
**Step 1: Open the breech**
* Pull down the pump handle to disassemble the action.
**Step 2: Elevate the ejection port cover**
* Lift or push the ejection port cover to allow spent shell ejection.
**Step 3: Load first round**
* Place first round (shell) under the ejection port,
• **Mouth-end first** (always!)
• **Follow direction of ejection arrow**, if present
+ Check your firearm for specific manufacturer guidelines if not sure
**Step 4: Close and recoil**
* Push and/or pull the pump handle up to chamber the loaded round.
* **Confirm visual and auditory cues of round chambering** :
• Visual: Peer down the barrel to assure shell is properly seated in chamber.
• Auditory: Listen for confirmation "click" or resistance to further loading.
Loading Table (Example)
Please note that the following Example Table is solely for illustration purposes and compatibility information may vary depending on the specific pump shotgun and model.
| First Round | Reload with Pump Handle |
|---|---|
| 1. Loading 1st round, muzzle-end first (12 gauge, 2½ inches) | |
| 2. Elevate ejection port Closing pump handle: Chambering/ seating 1st loaded shell | |
| *3. Load "second shot.. Repeat procedures with pump handle | + + |
Additional Precautions and Tips
- Always operate in a safe direction, ensuring no bystanders
- Use appropriate protection when handling shotguns: Safety glasses, ear protectors, and gloves where feasible
- Know the capacity of your specific pump shotgun to ensure optimal loading
- To reduce jamming, it is recommended to seat loaded shells gently for smoother chambering
- Be mindful of different loads and shotshell materials: Steel, lead, and non-toxic cartridges
Common Mistakes and Troubleshooting Tips
- Problems with chambering / round not seating: (Check for misaligned seating or incorrect loading orientation / inspect for shell damage )
- Misaligned action (pump handle is loose or jammed) (Check for proper cocking and pump handle reset before loading)
Important Final Check
Before rearming your pump shotgun,
- Visually check the chamber once again to ensure the appropriate load is seated.
- Pull the slide release or lift the pump handle back slightly to confirm engagement with the sear: audible "click" on recoil.
- With loaded shotgun, crown the barrel slowly downward to ensure proper functionality, and then slowly raise to reduce barrel stress.
Responsibly Handling and Storing Pump Shotguns
Post-load, remember to carefully and store your firearms, unloaded and secured whenever possible, in a stable storage location.
Load Up and Practice
Familiarize yourself with pump shotgun loading procedures, becoming confident in your ability. Load, unload, clean, and practice regularly; handle your pump shotgun for maintenance and familiarity. Respect its power and your opponents with proper loading techniques; then, get ready for those hunting excursions!
The correct loading procedure outlined here will ensure a better overall shooting experience, ensuring proper function, and minimizes the risk of incidents during use.
