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What war ended royal oeriod in gorhgia?

What War Ended Royal Period in Georgia?

Georgia, a small country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a rich history that spans over 2,000 years. Throughout its history, Georgia has been ruled by various empires and dynasties, including the royal periods of the Bagrationi and the Georgian royal dynasties. But when did the royal period end in Georgia?

Early Royal Period

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The earliest recorded royal period in Georgia dates back to the 4th century AD, when the Bagrationi dynasty was established. This dynasty ruled Georgia for nearly 700 years, and its rulers were known for their military conquests and architectural achievements. Some notable Bagrationi monarchs include:

  • Bagrat III (956-1021 AD): who united the eastern and western parts of Georgia, and founded the Kingdom of Georgia.
  • David IV (1089-1125 AD): who won a decisive victory against the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Didgori, and expanded the kingdom’s borders.

Rise of the Abkhazian Kingdom

However, the Bagrationi dynasty was not without challenges. In the 11th century, a powerful rival kingdom, the Abkhazian Kingdom, emerged in the region. The Abkhazian Kingdom was established by Anastasia the Blessed, a Byzantine princess who married King Bagrat III’s son, George I. Under the rule of King Constantine III (930-965 AD), the Abkhazian Kingdom reached its peak, controlling much of western Georgia.

War of the Kingdoms

The rise of the Abkhazian Kingdom led to a conflict known as the War of the Kingdoms, which lasted from the late 11th to the early 12th century. During this war, the Bagrationi dynasty fought against the Abkhazian Kingdom, which was supported by the Byzantine Empire. Notable battles include:

  • The Battle of Chiatura (1105): where the Bagrationi army led by King George II defeated the Abkhazian forces.
  • The Battle of Ghardali (1117): where the Abkhazian army led by Queen Maria defeated the Bagrationi forces.

Abkhazian Victory

In the end, the Abkhazian Kingdom emerged victorious, and the Bagrationi dynasty was forced to retreat to eastern Georgia. The treaty of 1125 established the Abkhazian Kingdom as the dominant power in western Georgia. However, the Bagrationi dynasty continued to rule in eastern Georgia, establishing a new capital at Kutaisi.

Turkish Conquest

The Abkhazian Kingdom continued to thrive until the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans established control over the region, and the Bagrationi dynasty was reduced to a minor aristocracy. In the 18th century, the Russian Empire began to exert its influence over the region, and by the mid-19th century, Georgia was annexed by Russia.

What War Ended Royal Period in Georgia?

In summary, the War of the Kingdoms, fought between the Bagrationi and Abkhazian kingdoms, ended the royal period in Georgia. This war lasted from the late 11th to the early 12th century, and resulted in the defeat of the Bagrationi dynasty and the emergence of the Abkhazian Kingdom as the dominant power in western Georgia. The Bagrationi dynasty continued to rule in eastern Georgia, but its influence and power were significantly diminished.

Timeline of Royal Period in Georgia

  • 4th century AD: Establishment of the Bagrationi dynasty
  • 11th century AD: Rise of the Abkhazian Kingdom
  • 1105: Battle of Chiatura, won by the Bagrationi dynasty
  • 1117: Battle of Ghardali, won by the Abkhazian kingdom
  • 1125: Treaty establishes the Abkhazian kingdom as the dominant power in western Georgia
  • 16th century: Conquest of the Abkhazian kingdom by the Ottoman Empire
  • 18th century: Russian influence over the region increases
  • 19th century: Annexation of Georgia by Russia

Conclusion

The War of the Kingdoms ended the royal period in Georgia, marking the beginning of a new era of influence and control by external powers. The Bagrationi dynasty continued to rule in eastern Georgia, but its influence and power were significantly diminished. The Abkhazian Kingdom, however, emerged as the dominant power in western Georgia, only to be later conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The legacy of the War of the Kingdoms can still be seen today in the complex history and geography of Georgia.

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